"When you're a parent of children who have a few difficulties, sometimes looking at what's working for them, rather than their problems, works much better," Mrs Worsley said.
"The doughnut model is symbolic of all the outside influences that kids have that help them to do well. (It's) like a ring around the child that protects them from all the stress and adversity in their life."

Mrs Worsley said young people needed to build resilience to cope with the consequences of a busy life.

This included the pressure to perform well at school and having hardly any time because everyone was so rushed, she said.

"Kids have to go to before and after school care because both parents are working.

"None of that's bad; that's just what makes them anxious.
"We work through anxiety strategies, talk about what they're thinking, show them that they don't have to be thinking pessimistically all the time."

Research conducted for the book showed that having a high income and succeeding financially wasn't necessarily the way to raise strong teenagers.

"Sometimes waiting for things and struggling for things is more helpful to a child than actually having the things," Mrs Worsley said.